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How to choose blanks for precision mechanical parts manufacturing?

by：Yifeng Metal 2022-03-20

Engaged in machining, manufacturing of high-precision mechanical parts, the selection of blanks not only affects the economy of blank manufacturing, but also affects the economy of machining. Therefore, when determining the blank, it is necessary to consider not only the factors of thermal processing, but also the economic factors, and the requirements of cold processing, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of parts from the process of determining the blank.

1. Castings

Parts with complex shapes should be manufactured by casting method. At present, most of the castings are cast in sand, which is divided into wood mold manual modeling and metal mold machine modeling. The wood mold manual casting has low precision, large machining surface allowance and low production efficiency, and is suitable for single-piece small batch production or casting of large parts. The metal mold machine has high modeling productivity and high casting precision, but the equipment cost is high, and the weight of the casting is also limited, so it is suitable for small and medium-sized castings produced in large quantities. Secondly, a small number of small castings with high quality requirements can be used for special casting, such as pressure casting, centrifugal manufacturing and investment casting.

Second, forgings

Steel parts with high mechanical strength requirements generally use forging blanks. There are two types of forgings: free forging and die forging. Free forging forgings can be obtained by hand forging (small blanks), mechanical hammer forging (medium blanks) or press forging (large blanks). This forging has low precision, low productivity, large machining allowance, and the structure of the parts must be simple, suitable for single-piece and small-batch production, as well as manufacturing large-scale forgings.

The precision and surface quality of die forgings are better than that of free forgings, and the shape of forgings can be more complicated, which can reduce machining allowance. The production efficiency of die forging is much higher than that of free forging, but it requires special equipment and forging dies, so it is suitable for small and medium-sized forgings with large batches.

Three. Profiles

Profiles can be divided into: round steel, square steel, hexagonal steel, flat steel, angle steel, channel steel, I-beam and other special sections according to the shape of the section. Profiles. There are two types of profiles: hot-rolled and cold-drawn. Hot-rolled profiles have low precision, but are cheap, and are used for blanks of general parts; cold-drawn profiles are small in size, high in precision, and easy to achieve automatic feeding, but the price is high. Machining.

4. Welded parts

Welded parts are joint parts obtained by welding. The advantages of welding are simple manufacturing, short cycle and material saving. The disadvantages are poor vibration resistance and deformation. If it is large, it can only be machined after aging treatment.

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