Precision machining is a process of changing the dimensions or properties of a workpiece with a machining machine. According to the temperature state of the workpiece to be machined, it can be divided into cold machining and hot machining. Generally, it is processed at room temperature and does not cause chemical or phase changes of the workpiece, which is called cold working.
Precision machining is generally processed at a state higher or lower than normal temperature, which will directly cause chemical or phase changes of the workpiece, which is called thermal processing. Cold working can be divided into cutting and pressure working according to the difference in processing methods. Common thermal processing includes heat treatment, forging, casting and welding. The first is the requirement for the hardness of the material. For some occasions, the higher the hardness of the material, the better, but it is limited to the hardness requirements of the machined parts. The material to be machined cannot be too hard.
Operation steps of precision machining
1. Finishing processing: This processing principle is roughly It's just some grinding and polishing, which is usually a step after the product is completely finished.
2. Face first and then hole: when making precision mechanical parts, for workpieces such as brackets, it needs both plane processing and mechanical hole processing, in order to machine the accuracy error of the hole If it is smaller, machining the plane first and then machining the hole is beneficial to reduce the error.
3. Divide the processing stage: when the product is in the precision mechanical parts, it needs to be processed to different degrees according to different product requirements, and the processing degree needs to be divided. If the precision requirements are not high, then a simple the roughing stage. The schedule requirements of the products are becoming more and more strict, and the semi-finishing and finishing stages will be carried out later.
4. Benchmark first: When using mechanical equipment to process products, a reference plane must be determined, so that there can be a positioning reference in subsequent processing. After determining the reference plane, then Machining the base surface first. In precision mechanical parts, there are many workpieces that are not produced at one time, but when the workpiece is produced, it is just a rough model.
Precision machining In terms of cutting tools, its diamond grinding wheel is mainly used in the process of operation, to a certain extent, the amount of cutting tool and feed amount can be effectively controlled. In the ultra-precision grinding machine , ductile grinding, ie nano-grinding, can be performed during operation. Optical mirrors can be obtained even on glass surfaces.
The development trend of precision machining and ultra-precision machining From a long-term development point of view, the manufacturing technology of its equipment is the main strategy and direction decision for the development of the national economy in all countries in the world. At the same time, it is also a long-term plan for a country to be independent, prosperous, sustainable and stable economically, and maintain a leading position in science and technology. The development of science and technology has also put forward higher requirements for precision machining and ultra-precision machining technology.
The high-efficiency and high-precision machining and ultra-precision machining of Changzhou mechanical parts can achieve extremely high surface quality and surface integrity to a certain extent, but the machining efficiency can be sacrificed to ensure. In addition to high strength, the mold also needs to have sufficient impact toughness and wear resistance.
The metal blanks processed by precision machining are strongly plastically deformed in the mold, which will increase the mold temperature to about 250 ° C ~ 300 ° C. Therefore, the mold material needs a certain tempering stability. Due to the above, the life of cold extrusion dies is much lower than that of stamping dies.
Precision machining pursues high reliability of products to a certain extent. During operation, parts such as bearings that are subjected to load while doing relative motion can effectively reduce their surface roughness during operation. In this way, the wear resistance of the parts can be improved, the working stability and the service life of the parts can be improved. The surface roughness of ceramic balls is required to reach several nanometers. The chemical properties of the processed metamorphic layer are active and susceptible to corrosion, so from the perspective of improving the corrosion resistance of the parts, the metamorphic layer generated by processing is required to be as small as possible.
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