The composition of CNC precision machining

The application of numerical control technology has brought about qualitative changes in the traditional manufacturing industry, especially in recent years. The development of microelectronic technology and computer technology has brought new vitality to numerical control technology. Numerical control technology and numerical control equipment are important foundations for the industrial modernization of various countries.

CNC machine tool is the mainstream equipment of modern manufacturing industry, a necessary equipment for precision machining, an important symbol reflecting the technical level of modern machine tools and the technological level of modern machinery manufacturing industry, and a strategy related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and the construction of cutting-edge national defense. supplies. Therefore, all industrialized countries in the world have taken major measures to develop their own numerical control technology and their industries.

CNC precision machining is an advanced machining technology in today's machinery manufacturing. It is an automatic machining method with high efficiency, high precision and high flexibility. It is to input the CNC program of the workpiece to be processed into the machine tool, and the machine tool automatically processes the workpiece that meets people's wishes under the control of these data to create wonderful products.

CNC precision machining technology can effectively solve complex, precise, small batch and changeable machining problems like molds, and fully meet the needs of modern production. Vigorously developing CNC machining technology has become an important way for China to accelerate the development of economy and improve the capability of independent innovation. At present, the use of CNC machine tools in China is becoming more and more common, and mastering the programming of CNC machine tools is an important way to give full play to its functions.

CNC machine tool is a typical mechatronic product. It integrates various advanced technologies such as microelectronic technology, computer technology, measurement technology, sensor technology, automatic control technology and artificial intelligence technology. The processing technology is closely integrated, and it is a new generation of mechanical manufacturing technology and equipment.

The composition of CNC precision machining

CNC machine tool is an automation equipment integrating machine tool, computer, motor and drag, motion control, detection and other technologies . The basic components of CNC machine tools include control medium, CNC device, servo system, feedback device and machine body, as shown in Figure

1. Control medium

The control medium is required for storing CNC machining The medium of the position information of all moving tools relative to the workpiece, which records the processing program of the part, therefore, the control medium refers to the information carrier that transmits the processing information of the part to the numerical control device. There are many forms of control media, which vary with the type of numerical control device, commonly used are punched tape, punched card, magnetic tape, magnetic disk and so on. With the development of numerical control technology, punched tapes and punched cards tend to be eliminated, and the method of using CAD/CAM software to program in the computer, and then communicating with the numerical control system through the computer, the method of directly transmitting the program and data to the numerical control device is more and more widely used .

2. Numerical control device

The numerical control device is the core of the CNC machine tool, which is called the 'central system'. Modern CNC machine tools use computer numerical control device CNC. The numerical control device includes an input device, a central processing unit (CPU) and an output device, etc. The numerical control device can complete the input, storage, transformation, interpolation operation of information and realize various control functions.

3. Servo system

Servo system is a driving component that receives the instructions of the numerical control device and drives the movement of the machine tool actuator. Including spindle drive unit, feed drive unit, spindle motor and feed motor, etc. When working, the servo system accepts the command information of the numerical control system, and compares it with the position and speed feedback signals according to the requirements of the command information, and drives the moving parts of the machine tool or executes the actions of the parts to process parts that meet the requirements of the drawings.

4. Feedback device

The feedback device is composed of measuring elements and corresponding circuits. Its function is to detect the speed and displacement, and feed back the information to form a closed-loop control. Some CNC machine tools with low precision requirements and no feedback device are called open-loop systems.

5. Machine tool body

The machine tool body is the entity of the CNC machine tool and the mechanical part that completes the actual cutting process. It includes the bed, base, worktable, saddle, spindle, etc. .

The development of national defense, aviation and aerospace industries and the enlargement of basic industrial equipment such as energy require the support of large-scale CNC machine tools with good performance. Ultra-precision machining technology and micro-nano technology are strategic technologies in the 21st century, and new manufacturing processes and equipment that can adapt to micro-miniature size and micro-nano machining accuracy need to be developed.

8. Information exchange and networking

It can not only realize the sharing of network resources, but also realize the remote monitoring, control, remote diagnosis and maintenance of CNC machine tools.

9. Green machining process

In recent years, machine tools that do not use or use less coolant and realize dry cutting and semi-dry cutting are energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The accelerated development of a kind of energy-saving and environmentally friendly machine tools.

10. Application of multimedia technology

Multimedia technology integrates computer, audio-visual and communication technology, so that the computer has the ability to comprehensively process sound, text, image and video information. It can achieve integrated and intelligent information processing, and be applied to real-time monitoring systems and fault diagnosis of production site equipment, monitoring of production process parameters, etc., so it has great application value.