Common materials and instructions for CNC precision machining?

Generally speaking, the commonly used materials for CNC precision machining are divided into two categories:

Processing of metal materials. Processing of non-metallic materials (such as ceramics, plastics, etc.)

hardness from large to small: stainless steel>cast iron>copper>aluminum

Let's talk about a few commonly used ones, I hope they are useful to you :

1, 45 - high-quality carbon structural steel, which is the most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel.

Main features: Z is commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel, which has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low hardenability, and is prone to cracks during water quenching. Small pieces should be quenched and tempered, and large pieces should be normalized.

Application examples: Mainly used to manufacture high-strength moving parts, such as turbine impellers, compressor pistons. Shafts, gears, racks, worms, etc. Welded parts should be preheated before welding and stress relief annealed after welding.

2, Q235A (A3 steel) - the most commonly used carbon structural steel.

Main features: It has high plasticity, toughness and welding performance, cold stamping performance, as well as certain strength and good cold bending performance.

Application examples: Widely used in general requirements for parts and welded structures. Such as tie rods, connecting rods, pins, shafts, screws, nuts, ferrules, brackets, machine bases, building structures, bridges, etc.

3, 40Cr—one of the most widely used steel types, is an alloy structural steel.

Main features: After quenching and tempering, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low temperature impact toughness and low notch sensitivity, good hardenability, and can be High fatigue strength is obtained. Parts with complex shapes are prone to cracks during water cooling, and the cold bending plasticity is moderate. After tempering or quenching and tempering, the machinability is good, but the weldability is not good, and cracks are easy to occur. It should be preheated to 100 before welding. ~150℃, it is generally used in the quenched and tempered state, and carbonitriding and high-frequency surface quenching can also be performed.

Application example: After quenching and tempering, it is used to manufacture medium-speed and medium-load parts, such as machine tool gears, shafts, worms, spline shafts, thimble sleeves, etc., after quenching and tempering and high-frequency surface quenching It is used to manufacture parts with high surface hardness and wear resistance, such as gears, shafts, main shafts, crankshafts, mandrels, sleeves, pins, connecting rods, screws and nuts, intake valves, etc., which are used for manufacturing after quenching and tempering at medium temperature. Heavy-duty, medium-speed impact parts, such as oil pump rotors, sliders, gears, spindles, collars, etc., are used to manufacture heavy-duty, low-impact, wear-resistant parts, such as worms, spindles, Shafts, rings, etc., the carbonitriding place is to manufacture transmission parts with larger size and higher low temperature impact toughness, such as shafts, gears, etc.

4, HT150——Gray cast iron

Application examples: gear box, machine bed, box, hydraulic cylinder, pump body, valve body, flywheel, cylinder head, belt Wheels, bearing caps, etc.

5, 35——Common materials for various standard parts and fasteners

Main features: Appropriate strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, and acceptable weldability. Local upsetting and wire drawing can be performed in the cold state. Low hardenability, use after normalizing or quenching and tempering

Application example: Suitable for manufacturing small-section parts, parts that can bear large loads: such as crankshafts, levers, connecting rods, shackles, etc. Various standard parts, fasteners

6, 65Mn——Commonly used spring steel

Application examples: small size various flat and round springs, seat cushion springs, spring springs, It can also be made into spring rings, valve springs, clutch reeds, brake springs, cold-coiled coil springs, circlips, etc.

7, 0Cr18Ni9 - commonly used stainless steel (US steel No. 304, Japanese steel No. SUS304)

Characteristics and applications: It is widely used as stainless heat-resistant steel, such as food Equipment, general chemical equipment, original industrial equipment

8, Cr12 - commonly used cold work die steel (US steel grade D3, Japanese steel grade SKD1)

Characteristics and Application: Cr12 steel is a widely used cold work die steel, which is a high carbon and high chromium type ledeburite steel. The steel has good hardenability and good wear resistance; because the carbon content of Cr12 steel is as high as 2.3%, the impact toughness is poor, it is easy to be brittle, and it is easy to form uneven eutectic carbides;

Because of its good wear resistance, Cr12 steel is mostly used to manufacture cold punches, punches, blanking dies, cold heading dies, cold extrusion dies and punches that require high wear resistance with less impact load. Die, drill sleeve, gauge, wire drawing die, stamping die, rolling plate, deep drawing die and cold pressing die for powder metallurgy, etc.

9, DC53 - commonly used cold work die steel imported from Japan

Characteristics and applications: High strength and toughness cold work die steel, Japan Datong Special Steel (Co., Ltd.) manufacturer's steel grade. After high temperature tempering, it has high hardness, high toughness and good wire cutting performance. 9 Used for precision cold stamping dies, drawing dies, thread rolling dies, cold blanking dies, punches, etc.

10, SM45 - ordinary carbon plastic mold steel (Japanese steel grade S45C)

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